非谓语动词(动名词)

        (二)动名词(doing)

        1.动名词的语法功能

        1)作主语

        Swimming is never as fast as running.

        注意：动名词(或动名词短语)作主语时，有时句中使用形式主语it，如：

        It is no use talking about it.

        谈论此事并无用处。不定式和动名词都可以做主语，在意义上区别不大。

        例如：

        It is impossible to get there before dark.

        It is impossible getting there before dark.

        但在下列固定结构中，只能用动名词做主语，不能用不定式：

        It is no good doing…

        It is no use doing…

        It is worthwhile doing…

        It is a waste of time doing…

        例如：

        It is no good objecting反对没有用。

        It is no use crying哭没有用。

        It's worthwhile reading the book.读这本书很值。

        2)作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)

        Would you mind waiting for a moment?

        有少数动词用动名词作宾语，如下所示：

        acknowledge承认admit 承认appreciate 感激

        avoid避免delay延迟deny否认

        escape逃避keep保持mind 介意

        permit 允许 postpone延迟 resist抵抗

        risk冒险 prevent阻止quit放弃停止

        recommend 推荐 suggest建议

        注意：

        有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别

        ①forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)

        forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)

        ②remember to do 记住去做某事(未做)

        remember doing记得做过某事(已做)

        ③regret to do对要做的事遗憾

        regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔

        ④try to do努力、企图做某事

        try doing试验、试一试某种办法

        ⑤mean to do打算，有意要…

        mean doing意味着

        ⑥go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情)

        go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)

        ⑦propose to do 打算(要做某事)

        propose doing建议(做某事)

        ⑧stop to do 停下来去做另一件事

        stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事

        ⑨be used to doing sth.习惯于…

        used to do过去曾经…

        2.动名词的逻辑主语

        一般情况下，动名词的逻辑主语是谓语动词的主语;如果动名词动作的发出者不是谓语动词的主语时，则需要有自己的逻辑主语。用作动名词逻辑主语的词类有：物主代词和名词所有格。试比较：

        Tom insisted on going with them.(He went with them)

        汤姆坚持要和他们一起去。(他去了)

        Tom insisted on my going with them.(I went with them)

        汤姆坚持要我和他们一起去。

        His taking part in the work will help us a lot.

        他参加这项工作对我们有很大帮助。(物主代词)

        但是，如果动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语相同，则不应再有主语：

        She regrets_____idle when young.

        A.To have been  B.her beingC.her having beenD.having been答案：D

        注：动名词作宾语时，常可以用人称代词宾格或名词的普通格，如：

        He doesn't like my father and me interfering in her affairs.

        她不愿意我父亲和我干涉她的事情。(名词普通格或人称代词宾格)

        3.动名词的时态和语态

        1)完成式：

        如果表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用动名词的完成时，形式为: having done.例如：

        He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.

        His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us.

        2)被动式

        当动名词的逻辑主语是该动作的承受者时，该动名词要用被动式。形式为：being done.例如：

        He did it without being asked.

        We insisted on being given the task.

        考试重点：成人英语三级考试网

        动名词在固定结构中的使用

        1.have difficulty /trouble/problem/a hard time/a good time + (in)+doing

        例如：

        We had difficulty (in)carrying out the plan.

        这一结构变化一下后，形成"There is +difficulty/trouble + pleasure+(in)doing".

        例如：

        Will there be any difficulty (in)getting a driving license?

        There was some trouble (in)reading her handwriting.

        2.feel like + 名词/动名词 "想要" (=would like to +原形动词)

        例如：

        I feel like a newborn baby.

        Do you feel like going to a movie?

        3.spend/waste time doing sth.

        例如：

        They spent a lot time (in)making preparations.

        4.cannot help doing sth.忍不住(做什么)

        例如：

        I cannot help laughing, once I see john in that big trouser.

        注意：这一句型要和can not help but do(不得不)以及can not but do(不得不)区分开来。

        5.something need/want/deserve +动名词表被动意义;+不定式被动态表示"要(修、清理等)"意思。

        例如：

        Your bike needs repairing.(= Your bike needs to be repaired)

        6.be busy doing sth.忙于干某事

        例如：I am busy doing my homework.

        7.be worth doing sth.值得…

        例如：The plan is worth considering.

        8.What about/how about doing …怎么样?

        例如：

        What about having a game of table tennis?

        How about going on a picnic?

        动名词练习

        翻译下列句子：

        强迫孩子学习是没有好处的。(考查动名词做主语的固定句型)

        明天去看电影怎么样?(考查关于动名词的固定句型)

        那个小镇值得参观。(考查关于动名词的固定句型)

        没有必要查阅每个生词。(考查关于动名词的固定句型)

        请医生没用，已经太晚了。(考查动名词做主语的固定句型)

        参考答案：

        It's no good forcing children to learn.

        How about seeing a movie tomorrow?

        The little town is worth visiting.

        There is no need/point in looking up every new word.

        It is no use sending for the doctor, for it is too late.